The concept of watershed development is based on the idea that rainwater can be harvested, the direct run-off of water reduced and the groundwater recharged. Watershed management has been a comprehensive approach aimed at optimizing the use of water, land and vegetation in any area. It is highly effective in channelizing water availability that helps to alleviate drought, moderate floods, prevent soil erosion, increase fuel, fodder and agricultural production on a sustained basis while keeping the inherent productivity of the soil resource intact.

Roof Top Rain Water Harvesting What is Roof Top Rain Water Harvesting? Rooftop Rain Water Harvesting is the technique through which rain water is captured from the roof catchments and stored in reservoirs. Harvested rain water can be stored in sub-surface ground water reservoir by adopting artificial recharge techniques to meet the household needs through storage in tanks. The Main Objective of rooftop rain water harvesting is to make water available for future use. Capturing and storing rain water for use is particularly important in dryland, hilly, urban and coastal areas. In alluvial areas energy saving for 1m. rise in ground water level is around 0.40 kilo watt per hour. Need for Rooftop Rain Water Harvesting 1. To meet the ever increasing demand for water 2. To reduce the runoff which chokes storm drains 3. To avoid flooding of roads 4. To augment the ground water storage and control decline of water levels 5. To reduce ground water pollution 6. To improve the quality of ground water 7. To reduce the soil erosion 8. To supplement domestic water requirement during summer, drought etc. Advantages of Rain Water Harvesting 1. Provides self-sufficiency to your water supply 2. Reduces the cost for pumping of ground water 3. Provides high quality water, soft and low in minerals 4. Improves the quality of ground water through dilution when recharged to ground water 5. Reduces soil erosion in urban areas 6. The rooftop rain water harvesting is less expensive 7. Rainwater harvesting systems are simple which can be adopted by individuals 8. Rooftop rain water harvesting systems are easy to construct, operate and maintain 9. In hilly terrains, rain water harvesting is preferred 10. In saline or coastal areas, rain water provides good quality water and when recharged to ground water, it reduces salinity and also helps in maintaining balance between the fresh-saline water interface 11. In Islands, due to limited extent of fresh water aquifers, rain water harvesting is the most preferred source of water for domestic use 12. In desert, where rain fall is low, rain water harvesting has been providing relief to people

Percolation Pit is also like Rainwater Harvesting System A percolation pit, in its most low-tech form, is a simple hole dug into the ground. It facilitates groundwater recharge through infiltration of surface runoff into the soil or rock. Differences to contour trenches: Better water storage capability due to greater depth. Percolation tank is an artificially created surface water body, submerging in its reservoir a highly permeable land so that surface runoff is made to percolate and recharge the ground water storage. The percolation tanks are mostly earthen dams with masonry structure only for spillway. Percolation tank is an artificially created surface water body, submerging in its reservoir a highly permeable land so that surface runoff is made to percolate and recharge the ground water storage. Percolation tank should be constructed preferable on second to third order streams, located on highly fractured and weathered rocks which have lateral continuity down stream. The recharged area down stream should have sufficient number of wells and cultivable land to benefit from the augmented ground water. The size of percolation tank should be governed by percolation capacity of strata in the tank bed. Normally percolation tanks are designed for storage capacity of 0.1 to 0.5 MCM. It is necessary to design the tank to provide a ponded water column generally between 3 & 4.5 m. The percolation tanks are mostly earthen dams with masonry structure only for spillway. The purpose of the percolation tank is to recharge the ground water storage and hence seepage below the seat of the bed is permissible. for dams upto 4.5 m. height, cut off trenches are not necessary and keying and benching between the dam seat and the natural ground is sufficient.

Water Conservation, Ground Water Rejuvenation and Development via Rainwater Management and Harvesting Rainwater through Ponds and Borewell Recharging Structures to Support Increasing Demand of Water for Daily usage for Domestic, Industrial and Agricultural purposes. Water Conservation and Harvesting Structures in Naturally Water Scarce Regions creates Geo-Hydrological Opportunity and Economic Viability. Ponds recharging structure, farm pond, stop Dam, and small pond etc. It is seen that different Geographical Location and unique Geophysical and Hydrological Nature and every situation needs to be addressed, separately, the groundwater recharge capacity of the varies regions may vary depending upon area specific geophysical nature of earth strata. Recharge Wells provide an opportunity to extract sub-surface flow of the region without exploiting the Groundwater reserve.