'waterscarce areas'

Roof Top Rain Water Harvesting What is Roof Top Rain Water Harvesting? Rooftop Rain Water Harvesting is the technique through which rain water is captured from the roof catchments and stored in reservoirs. Harvested rain water can be stored in sub-surface ground water reservoir by adopting artificial recharge techniques to meet the household needs through storage in tanks. The Main Objective of rooftop rain water harvesting is to make water available for future use. Capturing and storing rain water for use is particularly important in dryland, hilly, urban and coastal areas. In alluvial areas energy saving for 1m. rise in ground water level is around 0.40 kilo watt per hour. Need for Rooftop Rain Water Harvesting 1. To meet the ever increasing demand for water 2. To reduce the runoff which chokes storm drains 3. To avoid flooding of roads 4. To augment the ground water storage and control decline of water levels 5. To reduce ground water pollution 6. To improve the quality of ground water 7. To reduce the soil erosion 8. To supplement domestic water requirement during summer, drought etc. Advantages of Rain Water Harvesting 1. Provides self-sufficiency to your water supply 2. Reduces the cost for pumping of ground water 3. Provides high quality water, soft and low in minerals 4. Improves the quality of ground water through dilution when recharged to ground water 5. Reduces soil erosion in urban areas 6. The rooftop rain water harvesting is less expensive 7. Rainwater harvesting systems are simple which can be adopted by individuals 8. Rooftop rain water harvesting systems are easy to construct, operate and maintain 9. In hilly terrains, rain water harvesting is preferred 10. In saline or coastal areas, rain water provides good quality water and when recharged to ground water, it reduces salinity and also helps in maintaining balance between the fresh-saline water interface 11. In Islands, due to limited extent of fresh water aquifers, rain water harvesting is the most preferred source of water for domestic use 12. In desert, where rain fall is low, rain water harvesting has been providing relief to people

‘V’ Wire Injection Well Technology to Recharge Groundwater Source: • The Rain Water is lead through water channel and first reaches the silt trap, which allows for silt to accumulate in the chamber. The overflow water is lead into the injection well, passing through multilayer’s of Filtration media placed at the top of the injection well. The water is accommodated in a specially designed storage well, which creates water column, injecting large quantities of water into the deeper layers of the semi impervious earth’s strata through the Non Clogging V-Wire screens attached to the specifically designed percolator pipe, placed to a depth of 30 meters below the ground. The water column and the dual V-Wire Screen allow for the water to reach the dry joints, cracks, aquifers and recharge the ground water source. • This technology does not employ moving parts; the assured life span of the material is a minimum of twenty years. The maintenance cost involves desalting of the silt trap and replacement of filtration media once in five years. • The technology was adaptable to harvest rain water, irrespective of the presence of any bore well in place and also irrespective of terrain. The technology gave maximum flexibility to be used either in low lying areas or in upland conditions. • All materials used in this Technology are eco-friendly and recyclable. • Technology works on the Gravitational Principal Geomorphic profiling through vertical electrical Sounding of the soil strata is done to ascertain enormous quantity of water, quickly penetrating the rainwater into groundwater source. • The Provisioning of silt Trap fitted with Horizontal V wire Screen Filter eliminated the need of periodic maintenance and also facilitating significant volumes of rainwater to get into the recharging well.

Water audit is a systematic process of objectively obtaining a water balance by measuring flow of water from the site of water withdrawal or treatment, through the distribution system, and into areas where it is used and finally discharged. Conducting a water audit involves calculating water balance, water use and identifying ways for saving water. Water audit involves preliminary water survey and detailed water audit. Preliminary water survey is conducted to collect background information regarding plant activities, water consumption and water discharge pattern and water billing, rates and water cess. After the analysis of the secondary data collected from the industry, detailed water audit is conducted, which involves the following steps:  On site training and discussion with facility manager and personnel  Water system analysis  Quantification of baseline water map  Monitoring and measurements using pressure and flow meters and various other devices  Quantification of inefficiencies and leaks  Quantification of water quality loads and discharges  Quantification of variability in flows and quality parameters  Strategies for water treatment and reuse or direct use A detailed water balance is finally developed. Water quality requirement at various user areas is mapped, which helps in developing „recycle‟ and „reuse‟ opportunities. The detailed water audit report contains the following:  Water consumption and wastewater generation pattern  Specific water use and conservation  Complete water balance of the facility  Water saving opportunities  Method of implementing the proposals  Full description and figures  Investment required Industries can undertake following measures for water conservation:  Setting up of norms for water budgeting  Modernization of industrial process to reduce water consumption  Recycling water with a re-circulating cooling system  Ozonation cooling water approach which can result in five fold reduction in blow down when compared to traditional chemical treatment  Reduction in reuse of de-ionized water by eliminating some plenum flushes, converting from a continuous flow to an intermittent flow system and improving control on the use  Use of wastewater for use of gardening  Proper processing of effluents to adhere to the norms of disposal.